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People, power and architectural ideologies
Kristek, Jan ; Vaishar, Antonín (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (referee) ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
This thesis aims to classify contemporary way of thought in the architecture and urbanism mainly in respect to the formation of public space. Generally, it seeks to identify ideological background of individual ways of thoughts and their genealogy – therefore it explores their historical roots too. The methodological framework of the thesis is grounded in the critical theory and production of (public) space as well as architectural production is therefore understood as a political act; not necessarily in terms of the established political parties or ideologies but rather in the sense of production of the city space as a social arena, in which completion of various agents, interests and notions is present including the architectural discourses. The resulting form of the public space is than a result of this competition and unavoidable ideological antagonism, which is present in the ideological basis of the individual way of thoughts in architecture and urbanism.
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AI and fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence
Haber, Josef ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled AI & fact-check journalism - the pitfalls of the search for truth by artificial intelligence examines the connections between contemporary journalism, fact-checking, and artificial intelligence tools in the post-truth era. It describes the relationships between objectivity and interpretation and explores the problem of dichotomy between fact and value. The theoretical discussion is then translated into a practical issue using the journalistic discipline of fact-checking. Artificial intelligence tools and their potential for journalism are introduced. The practical part of the thesis focuses on experiments with an AI tool that automates fact-checking. The tool is tested using four alternative knowledge bases represented by Czech media datasets. All models show the expected response to ontologically truthful and false claims, confirming truths and debunking lies. Subsequently, the true opinions of the models about social reality are tested. The results demonstrate that the models adopt the opinions published in the datasets. However, it was not possible to trace systematic model opinions towards polarization in thematic areas from the results. The thesis includes suggestions for future changes in experiments. In the conclusion, the results are linked with both practical...
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The orthodox psychotheraps (The Another Aproach To Man)
Hempl, Jiří ; Luptáková, Marina (advisor) ; Vopatrný, Gorazd Josef (referee)
(Annotation) This thesis compares the orthodox approach to man to psychotherapeutics, especially with psychoanalysis, analytic psychology and logoterapy. These systems arise from positivistic backgrounds and approaches to man in this direction. In opposite to psychoanalysis analytic psychology and logoterapy think about spiritual aspect in life of man, but both systems mostly psychologize this aspect. The orthodox psychotherapy especially works with this spiritual aspect. It comes out from patristic anthropology referring that man is God's creature according to Genesis. The spirit aspect plays the cardinal role in the relationship between man and God. This relationship was corrupted by the rebellion of man against God. This rebellion has changed the ontological nature of man. According to the orthodox psychotherapy mental disorders are a result from this ontological change of man, which characterized by "garment of skin" done by God for man to revive in fallen state. The solution of mental disorders and then spiritual problems is to accept the state of "garments of skill" and in renewing of relationship with God.
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The Role of the Teacher in the Process of Implementation of Primal Prevention of Bullying at the Primary School.
ŠLECHTOVÁ, Alena
This graduation thesis is dedicated to the personality of the pedagogue in relation to the primary bullying prevention realisation at the primary level of the schools. The first part deals with the characteristics of the young learner period of the child development through the perspective of the developmental psychology aimed primarily at the cognitive and emotional development as well as the moral awareness. The second part views two basic tendencies of the upbringing and the education that appear in the pedagogical environment. It offers a description of the contemporary idea of upbringing and education in our background including its critics' opinions. The third part concerns the problematics of bullying and the primary prevention options. The last part is dedicated to the personality of the pedagogue from a psychological and pedagogical point of view with a philosophical overlap.
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Depiction of children and their fortunes in Polish positivists literature
Nemoudry, Helena ; Benešová, Michala (advisor) ; Kolmanová, Simona (referee)
Bachelor's dissertation records children's life stories, how they are reflected in Polish literature from Positivism period. The reflections of those life stories are novels, special literary form, which capture the reality of life. This dissertation portrays the life stories by discussing seven novels written by three leading Polish writers from Positivism period- B.Prus, H.Sienkiewicz and E.Orzeszkowa. It analyzes novels, attitudes of each writer, points out their similar features, specifies differences and explores it in the context of broader program of Polish Positivist writers of 2nd half of 19th century and their attempt to bring occupied Poland to freedom and new development. Keywords -children's fortune -Polish positivists literature -suffering -poverty -abuse
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Critique of positivism in social sciences
Janas, Martin ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present a critique of positivism in social sciences. The first chapter is devoted to a presentation of what positivism is. We also learn that positivism is closely related to neopositivism and that in many definitons of these words, the word "metaphysics" appears. Second chapter is devoted to Peter Winch's book The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. Analysis of this book is presented and we are shown many dangers of positivistic approach regarding the investigation of society. A concept of understanding a society is introduced, which is based on understanding given society's rules. Third chapter presents philosophy of sicence from Martin Heidegger. First, the notion of "metaphysics" is explained. Then we move onto the explanation of the meaing of science and technology in modern society. At the end of the thesis, we are presented with a short comparison of Winch's and Heidegger's philosophy. Conclusion includes new possible routes that sociology could take.
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Josef Sakař - life and work of a priest, educator and historian
SUDOVÁ, Martina
This work deals with the life and work of historian, educator, and priest Josef Sakař. Josef Sakař is one of the most prominent Týn nad Vltavou natives. His monumental four-volume work, The History of the town Tyn nad Vltavou and the Surrounding Area, includes the building blocks of South Bohemian regional history. Even though the greater balance of the work was written in the 1930s, to this day it has not been surpassed. Pardubice, like Týn nad Vltavou, owes much to Josef Sakař. It is the city where he spent most of his productive years and where he worked as a secondary school teacher. He wrote his major works here, among them a six-volume history of Pardubice nad Labem. Josef Sakař's activity was more than merely regional: for his efforts to protect historical monuments he was appointed (as the only one of thirty candidates from across the country) an honorary member of the Club for Old Prague in 1925.This thesis analyzes and compares sources, and it determines the importance and value of key events, family ties, friends and personalities that influenced Josef Sakař's life. For 21st-century educators, the thesis looks for inspiration that can be taken from his life and works. The work focuses on Josef Sakař's relationships with relatives, his life's story and activities in Týn nad Vltavou and Pardubice. It is organized chronologically, from his birth to his death. The last part concerns itself with seeking traces of evidence of Josef Sakař in contemporary life. A separate section is devoted to an analysis of four of his key works. The work includes all biographical data and important life milestones of Josef Sakař and contains a complete bibliography.
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The orthodox psychotheraps (The Another Aproach To Man)
Hempl, Jiří ; Luptáková, Marina (advisor) ; Vopatrný, Gorazd Josef (referee)
(Annotation) This thesis compares the orthodox approach to man to psychotherapeutics, especially with psychoanalysis, analytic psychology and logoterapy. These systems arise from positivistic backgrounds and approaches to man in this direction. In opposite to psychoanalysis analytic psychology and logoterapy think about spiritual aspect in life of man, but both systems mostly psychologize this aspect. The orthodox psychotherapy especially works with this spiritual aspect. It comes out from patristic anthropology referring that man is God's creature according to Genesis. The spirit aspect plays the cardinal role in the relationship between man and God. This relationship was corrupted by the rebellion of man against God. This rebellion has changed the ontological nature of man. According to the orthodox psychotherapy mental disorders are a result from this ontological change of man, which characterized by "garment of skin" done by God for man to revive in fallen state. The solution of mental disorders and then spiritual problems is to accept the state of "garments of skill" and in renewing of relationship with God.
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Transformation of cult and conceptual value in history of photography
Dotřel, Jan ; Ševčík, Miloš (advisor) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (referee)
This historical work focuses on the theory of photography. It is divided into three autonomous episodes chronologically correspond to three historical stages. These parts are connected with one genealogies of one possible reading of the photography. The first part deals with the historical circumstances and causes of the birth of photography. The second phase describes the later period of history of the Weimar Republic and photographic movement of Neue Sachlichkeit. The last part concentrates on Düsseldorf School of Photography and its current followers. These historical eras combines the aesthetic issues of cult and conceptual values, which is demonstrated on the way how read the photographic medium as a specific aesthetic phenomenon.
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People, power and architectural ideologies
Kristek, Jan
The article is analysing and classifying some of the contemporary ways of thoughts and approaches in architecture towards public space. It is particularly focused on genealogy of contemporary architectural thinking circa since 1960s. The aim of the article is to find some common basic features of our current way of thinking about public space as a necessary theoretical basis for further work. It is particularly focused on positivist thinking spread among architectural milieu by books such as Jan Gehl’s Life Between Buildings or publications of Leon Krier and other New Urbanists. As that school of thoughts is usually constructed and perceived as “anti-modernist” the article on the contrary argues that it has a very same basis as modernism itself and that only some interpretations and some partial aims have changed. The common basis lies in the vector of thought from physical structure or form toward societal structure – in other words that by shaping proper environment also proper society can be shaped. Furthermore, the text explores the conspicuous tendency towards normativeness of contemporary positivism and finds its grounds in reinterpretation of the “human animal”. While modernism with its hygiene, sunlight, and minimal living space was focused on “human animal” as on an averaged singular body the contemporary “postmodern” positivism refocuses on “human animal” as on a part of larger population and strives for its “natural” environment. That is why the normalization of modernism tends to be disciplinary, whereas normalization of contemporary positivism is rather bio-political. Finally, the article establishes criticism of contemporary positivism based on deconstruction and categorizations of contemporary ideologies in urban design.
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